  18.02.2025.
      , ,  ,   " ",  -   .

    ArcGIS   ,    .
          GDAL  ArcGIS:
https://help.arcgis.com/en/geodatabase/10.0/sdk/arcsde/concepts/geometry/coordref/coordsys/pe/userdefinedobjects.htm
https://github.com/Esri/projection-engine-db-doc/blob/main/README.md
https://github.com/Esri/projection-engine-db-doc/blob/main/other/PE_user_defined_objects.pdf

  ,       :
1.            
2.   ,   ,    . 

       C:\pe_userdata.

 ArcMap 10.5  ,  ArcGIS Pro  ArcGIS Server    PEDATABASE:
set PEDATABASE=objedit@C:\pe_userdata

  , , ,    ..,    ,   :
"C:\Program Files (x86)\ArcGIS\Desktop10.\Documentation\"
1. geographic_coordinate_systems.pdf
2. projected_coordinate_systems.pdf
3. geographic_transformations.pdf
    -: 
http://desktop.arcgis.com/ru/arcmap/latest/map/projections/pdf/geographic_coordinate_systems.pdf
http://desktop.arcgis.com/ru/arcmap/latest/map/projections/pdf/projected_coordinate_systems.pdf
http://desktop.arcgis.com/ru/arcmap/latest/map/projections/pdf/geographic_transformations.pdf

https://pro.arcgis.com/ru/pro-app/latest/help/mapping/properties/pdf/geographic_coordinate_systems.pdf
https://pro.arcgis.com/ru/pro-app/latest/help/mapping/properties/pdf/projected_coordinate_systems.pdf
https://pro.arcgis.com/ru/pro-app/latest/help/mapping/properties/pdf/geographic_transformations.pdf

     ArcGIS Server   Geometry Server,    
https://developers.arcgis.com/rest/services-reference/enterprise/findtransformations/

       -          ArcGIS  .